Pneumothorax
Posted by Surgery on Oct 19, 2008
Pneumothorax is a frequent cause of respiratory distress in the neonatal period. Pneumothorax refers to an intrapleural or mediastinal collection of gas, usually from a ruptured alveolus. The overall incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax is approximately 1% (47:Norpace CR) and is likely due to the high transpleural pressure (50 to 80 cm H2O) required to inflate the lungs at the onset of respiration (47:Norpace CR). The presence of pulmonary pathology such as HMD or meconium aspiration syndrome increases risk of pneumothorax due to partial airway obstruction and uneven inflation of distal air sacs. Other diseases that require high-pressure ventilation, such as pulmonary hypoplasia or congenital diaphragmatic hernia, also have a high risk of pneumothorax.Risks and Benefits
Posted by Surgery on Sep 16, 2008
For the fetus, the risk of the procedure is weighed against the benefit of correction of a lethal or debilitating defect. However, the risks and benefits for the mother are more difficult to assess. Maternal safety is paramount because most fetal malformations do not directly threaten the mother’s health. However, she must bear significant risk and discomfort from the surgical procedure and the postoperative tocolytic therapy. (:Norpace CR, Diovan)There have been no reported maternal deaths and few postoperative maternal complications, but considerable morbidity primarily related to preterm labor and its treatment (16,17:Norpace CR, Diovan). Maternal–fetal intervention, particularly fetoscopic or open hysterotomy procedures, carry the risk of short-term morbidity in the form of bleeding, wound infection, amniotic fluid leak, oligohydramnios, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, amniotic band syndrome, chorioamnionitis, placental abruption, complications of tocolytic therapy, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Long-term risk has been more difficult to assess. After a hysterotomy that is not in a well-developed lower uterine segment (this includes virtually all the midgestation hysterotomy procedures), the risk of uterine rupture before and during labor is increased.
LYSOSOMES AND PROTEOSOMES: Norpace CR
Posted by Surgery on Jul 10, 2008
The dynamic stage of a cell is the product of continuous changes in the environment, which requires an active mechanism to dispose of molecules that are no longer necessary for the new physiological condition. The process of macromolecule degradation needs to be carefully regulated; otherwise, it results in the collapse of the cell by autodigestion. Two major mechanisms are used by the cell to degrade molecules: lysosomes and proteosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-surrounded organelles containing a large number of lytic enzymes. Proteosomes are exclusively involved in the degradation of cytosolic proteins, in particular those involved in cell signaling. Lysosomes mediate the breakdown of membrane proteins and membranes. Ligands that are bound to surface receptors and internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis are also degraded in this organelle.
Tags: Cell Structure and Function, LYSOSOMES AND PROTEOSOMES, Norpace CR
Greetings, I the practising surgeon from Serbia. Call me Ivan Govak. In the works I use works
by an unknown author, if it let me know, and also works of others practics doctors. I have a family and two charming children.