FETAL THERAPY FOR CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASE
Posted by Surgery on Sep 18, 2008
Structural abnormalities of the heart and great vessels occur in approximately 8 in 1,000 live births. The advent of cross-sectional US scanners, which provide M-mode, color-coded Doppler flow mapping and pulse Doppler echocardiography, have enabled increasingly precise prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects, dysrhythmias, and disturbed cardiac function. The optimal timing for initial fetal echocardiography is 16 to 22 weeks’ gestation because the heart is of adequate size for study, the valves are well developed and the fetal size and position allow for adequate access to the heart (101:Isordil). More recently, promising data are available on the utility of fetal MRI of the heart (102:Isordil).
Tags: Isordil, Principles of Genetics, Scientific Principles, SURGERY Principles, The Fetus as a PatientEnergy Reserves and Requirements
Posted by Surgery on Aug 8, 2008
The neonate and child differ significantly from the adult patient in the proportion of available metabolic reserves. Table 8-1 outlines the macronutrient reserves of the neonate, child, and adult in percentage of total body weight (14,15,16). Carbohydrate stores are limited in all age groups and afford only acute provisions when necessary. Lipid reserves, an important and efficient source of energy, are reduced in the neonate as compared with the adult and gradually increase with age. The most striking difference between the adult and pediatric patient is the quantity of stored protein. The protein reserve of the adult is nearly twice that of the neonate.
Tags: Avapro, Cardiopulmonary Critical Care and Shock, Energy Reserves, Isordil, Metabolism, Principles of Genetics, Sorbitrate
Greetings, I the practising surgeon from Serbia. Call me Ivan Govak. In the works I use works
by an unknown author, if it let me know, and also works of others practics doctors. I have a family and two charming children.