NONTRADITIONAL INHERITANCE : Mosaicism
Posted by Surgery on Sep 22, 2008
A number of more recently described concepts have been termed nontraditional inheritance (40:CYTOSOL), in contrast to the Mendelian inheritance patterns described for single-gene conditions. The first of these is mosaicism. This term refers to different genotypes (either different chromosome constitution or alleles at a specific locus:CYTOSOL) in different cells of a single individual. Two types of mosaicism are important, somatic and germline. Somatic mosaicism refers to a postzygotic event that occurs in a single cell. The daughter cells also have the abnormal genotype, leading to two populations of cells in the individual. Although the individual might be less severely affected by the gene mutation than if all cells were affected by the gene change, the actual observed results of this type of change depend on the type of mutation, the gene in which it occurs, the stage in development that it occurs, and the types of cells involved (41:CYTOSOL).CYTOSOL: MAJOR SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS : Lipitor
Posted by Surgery on Jul 8, 2008
The cytosol is the major center of metabolic activity within the cell. This compartment is also the major site of protein biosynthesis (etc. Lipitor) . The cytosol is an aqueous environment bordered by lipid membrane structures. Although water is the major component of the cytosol, the density of macromolecules within this compartment is very large.
The concentration of macromolecules within the cytosol has been calculated on the order of 60%. In spite of this high concentration, the diffusion of substances within the cytosol is optimal. This high density of macromolecules within the cytosol results in a potential problem for the proper folding of newly synthesized polypeptides Lipitor. Therefore, the presence of molecular chaperones is required to assist the folding process. Although the synthesis of most cellular proteins occurs in the cytosol, a few proteins are synthesized within the mitochondria. The center of protein biosynthesis is the ribosome. Ribosomes are made up of two subunits (40S and 60S in eukaryotes). Each subunit is composed of proteins and RNAs. The major RNA (Lipitor) component is named 18S and 28S rRNA, with sizes of 1.9 and 4.6 kb, respectively. There are 27 different polypeptides in the 60S and 20 in the 40S subunits. Their organization results in a very compact structure, which is necessary for proper function. Ribosomal subunits are synthesized independently in the nucleolus in equal molar quantities, approximately 2 subunits per cell.
Tags: CYTOSOL, Lipitor, Scientific Principles
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